What is a "syllogism" in logic?

A syllogism is a specific form of reasoning that involves drawing a conclusion from two premises. This logical structure typically follows a format where a general statement (major premise) and a specific statement (minor premise) lead to a logical conclusion. The classic example is:

1. All humans are mortal. (Major premise)

2. Socrates is a human. (Minor premise)

3. Therefore, Socrates is mortal. (Conclusion)

This example illustrates how the premises are linked to logically derive the conclusion. Syllogisms are foundational in formal logic and critical thinking because they demonstrate how conclusions can be validly drawn from established premises. Understanding this allows individuals to apply logical reasoning effectively in various contexts, from everyday decision-making to formal arguments.